Dd

Create mount and sparsify

dd if=/dev/zero of=image.img iflag=fullblock bs=1M count=10 && sync
parted image.img print
mkfs.ext4 -F image.img
mkdir mntimage
sudo mount image.img ./mntimage
sudo chmod 0777 ./mntimage
echo foo > ./mntimage/foo.txt
cp --sparse=always image.img sparse.image.img
du -sh sparse.image.img
du -sh image.img

https://askubuntu.com/questions/667291/create-blank-disk-image-for-file-storage

https://superuser.com/questions/117136/how-can-i-mount-a-partition-from-dd-created-image-of-a-block-device-e-g-hdd-u

https://www.fabianbees.de/posts/WSL-attatching-drives/

copy CD/DVD to iso image and mount

Copy

dd if=/dev/sr0 of=my-output.iso bs=10M

Mount

sudo mount -t iso9660 -o loop lotrbfme2-2.iso /tmp/a

Using noerror for attempt at protected disk

You may get something like this

dd: error reading '/dev/sr0': Input/output error
51+1 records in
51+1 records out

This may work but

dd if=/dev/sr0 of=my-output.iso bs=10M conv=noerror,sync status=progress

Try these two commands

Get volume size

isoinfo -d -i /dev/sr0 | grep -i -E 'block size|volume size'
Logical block size is: 2048
Volume size is: 2264834

Set count to volume size value

dd if=/dev/sr0 of=my-output.iso bs=2048 count=2264834